Guys with the spam... stop it
Anyway, going all the way back to the first page...
Smithy said:
I can't quite figure it out either Hixee from those pics, in the distance on the first one it looks like the rubble and the fresh concrete for the drop aren't touching but then there's mesh on the side which you'd think was in place to pour fresh stuff. Can't tell.
Only reason I wondered was that it'd be an absolutely immense weight pressing down onto the roof of that tunnel if it was entirely filled, but if it was kept mostly hollow surely vibrations would be an issue?
Generally, the deeper a tunnel is in relation to the tunnel size, the more stable it is. It's easy to think of the tunnel roof as just holding the huge pile of dirt, but it's actually not that simple. Essentially, the stuff they dump into the hole when they're finished compacts and "becomes one" with the surrounding rock (can't think of a good way to phrase that to make it obvious). There's a load of redistribution of stresses in the ground that make it.
Also, the arched roof is important. What an arch will do is distribute compressive stress in the earth (e.g. due to having huge loads of rubble dumped on it) laterally across the surface of the tunnel in ways I don't completely understand. It's the reason arches are so popular in civil engineering. You can make structures like:
http://www.brantacan.co.uk/Arches1D.gif
to hold a huge amount of weight without anything holding the blocks together. If you push down in the centre, the load spreads out over the whole arch.
Anyway, you've got my interest in this now, so Googling stuff will commence.
*disclaimer* I'm not a civil engineer, but our course is a "jack-of-all-trades, master of sod all" affair