No one outside the coaster community or the UK knows Oblivion, Nemesis, Ultimate or the Big One. However people the world over have heard of Space Mountain & even Cyclone at Coney Island. Like others have said, people might not know that Space Mountain is a coaster but they've certainly heard of it & know it's at Disney. If you say "the Cyclone at Coney Island" to just about anyone, they know or guess that it's a roller coaster.
As far as Dueling Dragons, Hulk, Kingda Ka or Top Thrill Dragster - I don't think most people will know them by name or even exactly what they are.